全文获取类型
收费全文 | 965篇 |
免费 | 87篇 |
国内免费 | 276篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 10篇 |
废物处理 | 2篇 |
环保管理 | 547篇 |
综合类 | 491篇 |
基础理论 | 106篇 |
污染及防治 | 76篇 |
评价与监测 | 29篇 |
社会与环境 | 51篇 |
灾害及防治 | 16篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 25篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 35篇 |
2018年 | 46篇 |
2017年 | 44篇 |
2016年 | 28篇 |
2015年 | 55篇 |
2014年 | 55篇 |
2013年 | 65篇 |
2012年 | 86篇 |
2011年 | 60篇 |
2010年 | 57篇 |
2009年 | 54篇 |
2008年 | 59篇 |
2007年 | 58篇 |
2006年 | 75篇 |
2005年 | 41篇 |
2004年 | 31篇 |
2003年 | 32篇 |
2002年 | 33篇 |
2001年 | 31篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有1328条查询结果,搜索用时 984 毫秒
71.
72.
Greg Lindsey 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(1):117-125
ABSTRACT: Maryland officials have identified stormwater utilities as a potential method of financing programs to control nutrients in urban stormwater runoff that are proposed in Maryland's Chesapeake Bay Nutrient Reduction Plan. This paper reviews a number of issues related to the equity, efficiency and acceptability of user charge schemes. Overall, charges are found to be preferable to property taxes from both equity and efficiency perspectives. In addition, evidence suggests that elected officials will support creation of utilities. Obstacles to the implementation of utilities are identified. 相似文献
73.
Derek B. Booth 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(3):407-417
ABSTRACT: Urbanization of a drainage basin results in pervasive hydrologic changes that in turn initiate long-term changes in stream channels. Increases in peak discharges and in durations of high flows result in either quasi-equilibrium channel expansion, where cross-section area increases in near-proportion to the discharge increase, or catastrophic channel incision, where changes occur far out of proportion to the discharge increases that initiated them. Field data and hydrologic modeling of rapidly urbanizing basins in King County, Washington, define conditions of flow, topography, geology, and channel roughness that identify streams susceptible to incision. Channel slope and geologic material are particularly critical; thus simple map overlays, nearly irrespective of contributing drainage area, provide a valuable planning tool for identification of susceptible terrain. Where such conditions exist, basal shear stress provides a quantifiable parameter for predicting likely problems, although knickpoints are typical in such settings and confound simple calculation of sediment-transport rates. Where urbanization proceeds in such areas, effective mitigation of the incision hazards requires a degree of stormwater control far in excess of standards typically applied to present development activity. 相似文献
74.
Gregory J. McCabe Mark A. Ayers 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(6):1231-1242
ABSTRACT: The Thornthwaite water balance and combinations of temperature and precipitation changes representing climate change were used to estimate changes in seasonal soil-moisture and runoff in the Delaware River basin. Winter warming may cause a greater proportion of precipitation in the northern part of the basin to fall as rain, which may increase winter runoff and decrease spring and summer runoff. Estimates of total annual runoff indicate that a 5 percent increase in precipitation would be needed to counteract runoff decreases resulting from a warming of 2°C; a 15 percent increase for a warming of 4°C. A warming of 2° to 4°C, without precipitation increases, may cause a 9 to 25 percent decrease in runoff. The general circulation model derived changes in annual runoff ranged from ?39 to +9 percent. Results generally agree with those obtained in studies elsewhere. The changes in runoff agree in direction but differ in magnitude. In this humid temperate climate, where precipitation is evenly distributed over the year, decreases in snow accumulation in the northern part of the basin and increases in evapotranspiration throughout the basin could change the timing of runoff and significantly reduce total annual water availability unless precipitation were to increase concurrently. 相似文献
75.
Bradford P. Wilcox Clayton L. Hanson J. Ross Wight Wilbert H. Blackburn 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(3):653-666
ABSTRACT: An excellent hydrologic record on sagebrush range-land has been developed at the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwestern Idaho. The objectives of this paper were two-fold: (1) to analyze and describe the hydrologic record (8–18 years) from four sagebrush watersheds (1–83 ha); and (2) to evaluate the hydrology component of SPUR, a comprehensive rangeland model. The watersheds represent a gradient in elevation (1180–1658 m) and precipitation (240–350 mm/yr). Runoff was a small fraction (> 2 percent) of the total water budget for all of the watersheds. It occurred very infrequently at the three lower elevation watersheds: Summit, Flats, and Nancy Gulch. At Lower Sheep, the highest elevation watershed, runoff occurred most years for a period of 1 to 17 weeks in the winter. Frozen soil combined with rainfall or snowmelt was associated with most of the runoff from Flats and Nancy Gulch. At Summit summertime thunderstorms produced all of the runoff. The average annual sediment yield from all of the watersheds was low (17–950 kg/ha). It was highest from Summit, which had well developed alluvial channels and very steep slopes. SPUR was able to simulate runoff with reasonable accuracy only at Summit, where frozen soils were not a factor. There was poor correlation between predicted and actual annual 8ediment loss. The model tended to overpredict evapotranspiration early in the growing season and underpredict it in the late summer. 相似文献
76.
城市化对水环境污染是一个具有普遍性和严重性的问题.城市水环境污染分为点污染和面污染两类.本文针对城市降雨径流污染(城市面源污染)作了系统分析.其内容包括城市化对降雨径流的影响,城市面污染的积累和暴雨径流的冲刷,以及推求城市暴雨径流污染负荷过程的模拟途径. 相似文献
77.
Thomas Carlisle George Mulamoottil Bruce Mitchell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1991,27(3):419-427
ABSTRACT: The objective was to survey individuals from different interest groups in Ontario to ascertain attitudes towards the use of artificial wetlands for stormwater management and to provide waterfowl habitat. In total, 166 questionnaires were distributed and 124 cempleted returns were received. The results of the survey show that the provision of wetlands as waterfowl habitats in the context of stormwater impoundments is severely limited and is not considered an important management option. The overwhelming rejection of this integrated approach seems to be due to a lack of understanding and its comparative newness. Some of the perceived problems and concerns could be addressed by improvements in the design of the artificial wetlands. The design and implementation of an artificial wetland prototype as part of an education program in Ontario is recommended. A few research opportunities also are outlined. 相似文献
78.
Jiri Marsalek 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1991,27(2):283-291
ABSTRACT: A review of methods for planning-level estimates of pollutant loads in urban stormwater focuses on transfer of charac. teristic runoff quality data to unmonitored sites, runoff monitoring, and simulation models. Load estimation by transfer of runoff quality data is the least expensive, but the accuracy of estimates is unknown. Runoff monitoring methods provide best estimates of existing loads, but cannot be used to predict load changes resulting from runoff controls, or other changes of the urban system. Simulation models require extensive calibration for reliable application. Models with optional formulations of pollutant build up, washoff, and transport can be better calibrated and the selection of options should be based on a statistical analysis of calibration data. Calibrated simulation models can be used for evaluation of control alternatives. 相似文献
79.
F B. Pierson W. H. Blackburn S. S. Van Vactor J. C. Wood 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1994,30(6):1081-1089
ABSTRACT: Most hydrologic models require input parameters which represent the variability found across an entire landscape. The estimation of such parameters is very difficult, particularly on rangeland. Improved model parameter estimation procedures are needed which incorporate the small-scale and temporal variability found on rangeland. This study investigates the use of a surface soil classification scheme to partition the spatial variability in hydrologic and interrill erosion processes in a sagebrush plant community. Four distinct microsites were found to exist within the sagebrush coppice-dune dune-interspace complex. The microsites explained the majority of variation in hydrologic and interrill erosion response found on the site and were discernable based on readily available soil and vegetation information. The variability within each microsite was quite low and was not well correlated with soil and vegetation properties. The surface soil classification scheme defined in this study can be quite useful for defining sampling procedures, for understanding hydrologic and erosion processes, and for parameterizing hydrologic models for use on sagebrush range-land. 相似文献
80.
BAYESIAN MODELS OF FORECASTED TIME SERIES1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Roman Krzysztofowicz 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1985,21(5):805-814
Bayesian Processor of Forecasts (BPF) combines a prior distribution, which describes the natural uncertainty about the realization of a hydrologic process, with a likelihood function, which describes the uncertainty in categorical forecasts of that process, and outputs a posterior distribution of the process, conditional upon the forecasts. The posterior distribution provides a means of incorporating uncertain forecasts into optimal decision models. We present fundamentals of building BPF for time series. They include a general formulation, stochastic independence assumptions and their interpretation, computationally tractable models for forecasts of an independent process and a first-order Markov process, and parametric representations for normal-linear processes. An example is shown of an application to the annual time series of seasonal snowmelt runoff volume forecasts. 相似文献